IP Requirement: Emory IP
Experience Requirement:
– Mechanical Design
– Rapid Prototyping
Problem Description
Compression stockings are widely used in medicine to manage chronic venous insufficiency, deep vein thrombosis (DVT), lymphedema, post-surgical recovery, and orthostatic intolerance. While clinically effective, these garments are often uncomfortable, difficult to use, and poorly tolerated by patients. Compression therapy works by applying static or graduated pressure to the lower extremities to promote venous return, reduce edema, and prevent thrombosis. However, adherence remains suboptimal, with compliance rates ranging from 40–60%, largely due to limitations in comfort, wearability, and thermal regulation.
Modern compression stockings have incorporated some improvements to address these issues. Most feature graduated pressure designs, typically ranging from 10 to 40 mmHg, with higher compression at the ankle and decreasing proximally to aid venous flow. Moisture-wicking and breathable fabrics are used to reduce sweat accumulation and improve skin comfort, and anti-microbial yarns are sometimes added to minimize odor and irritation. In the inpatient setting, pneumatic compression devices use inflatable air bladders to deliver intermittent compression, primarily to prevent DVT in sedentary or immobilized patients. However, these devices are bulky, non-portable, and unsuitable for routine outpatient or ambulatory use. Most wearable stockings available for home or outpatient therapy still rely on static elastic compression and lack adjustability or active pressure modulation.
There is a clear opportunity to rethink the design of compression stockings with the goal of improving adherence and clinical outcomes. Current models do not adapt to individual physiologic needs, activity levels, or changing patterns of swelling throughout the day. Furthermore, issues such as difficulty with donning and doffing, heat retention, and rigid compression profiles continue to limit their long-term use, especially in warmer climates or during physical activity. A durable compression stocking is needed to address these unmet needs.
